Route Type 1: Ethernet Auto-Discovery (A-D) A Type 1 route is advertised by a PE router on a per-Ethernet Segment Identifier (ESI) basis. It is triggered by the presence of a multihomed connection. Purpose of Type 1 routes Aliasing: In an all-active multihoming setup, a Type 1 route informs remote PE routers that an Ethernet segment is reachable via multiple PEs. This allows for load-balancing traffic to the same customer device over multiple paths. Fast convergence (Mass MAC Withdrawal): If a local link to a multihomed customer device fails, the PE sends a withdrawal message for the Type 1 route. Remote PEs can then withdraw all MAC addresses associated with that Ethernet segment, instead of waiting for individual MAC withdrawals, which speeds up convergence. Split-horizon filtering: The route carries an ESI label to prevent traffic loops in all-active mode. A PE router won't forward broadcast, unknown unicast, and multicast (BUM) traffic back to its sour...
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